@InProceedings{ bollacker98citeseer,
  author        = "Kurt Bollacker and Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles",
  title         = "{CiteSeer}: An Autonomous {Web} Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications",
  booktitle     = "Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents",
  editor        = "Katia P. Sycara and Michael Wooldridge",
  publisher     = "ACM Press",
  address       = "New York",
  pages         = "116-123",
  year          = "1998"
}         

@INPROCEEDINGS{chen92p1,
    AUTHOR = "D. Chen and C.L. Giles and G.Z. Sun and H.H. Chen and
              Y.C. Lee",
    TITLE = "Learning Finite State Transducers with a Recurrent Neural Network",
    BOOKTITLE = "IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Beijing, China",
    ADDRESS = "Beijing",
    YEAR = "1992",
    PUBLISHER = "Publishing House of Electronics Industry",
    PAGE = "129",
    VOLUME = "1"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{chen93p,
    AUTHOR = "D. Chen and C.L. Giles and G.Z. Sun and H.H. Chen and Y.C. Lee and M.W. Goudreau", 
    TITLE = "Constructive Learning of Recurrent Neural Networks",
    BOOKTITLE = "1993 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks",
    ADDRESS = "Piscataway, NJ",
    YEAR = "1993",
    PUBLISHER = "IEEE Press",
    VOLUME = "III",    
    PAGE = "1196-1201"
}

@TECHREPORT{clouse94t,
    AUTHOR = "D.S. Clouse and C.L. Giles and B.G. Horne and G.W. Cottrell",
    TITLE = "Learning Large DeBruijn Automata with Feed-Forward Neural Networks",
    INSTITUTION = "Computer Science and Engineering, University of
                   California at San Diego",
    YEAR = "1994",
    NUMBER = "CS94-398",
    ADDRESS = "La Jolla, CA"}

@ARTICLE{clouse97IEEETNN,
    AUTHOR = "D.S. Clouse and C.L. Giles and B.G. Horne and G.W. Cottrell",
    TITLE = "Time-Delay Neural Networks: Representation and Induction of Finite
          State Machines",
    JOURNAL ="IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks",
    VOLUME = "8",
    NUMBER = "5",
    PAGES = "1065-1070"} 

@INPROCEEDINGS{das92p,
    AUTHOR = "S. Das and C.L. Giles and G.Z. Sun",
    TITLE = "Learning Context-free Grammars: Limitations of a Recurrent 
             Neural Network with an External Stack Memory",
    BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of The Fourteenth Annual Conference of the 
                 Cognitive Science Society",
    YEAR = "1992",
    PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers",
    PAGES = "791-795",
    ADDRESS = "San Mateo, CA"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{das93p,
        AUTHOR = { S. Das and  C.L. Giles and G.Z. Sun },
        TITLE  = {Using Hints to Successfully Learn Context-Free Grammars 
                with a Neural Network Pushdown Automaton},
        BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5},
        PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
        EDITOR = {S.J. Hanson and J.D. Cowan and C.L. Giles},
        PAGES = {65--72},
        ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},        
        YEAR = {1993}}

@INPROCEEDINGS{giles90p,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and G.Z. Sun and H.H. Chen and Y.C. Lee and D.
              Chen",
    TITLE = "Higher Order Recurrent Networks \& Grammatical Inference",
    BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems~2",
    YEAR = "1990",
    EDITOR = "D.S. Touretzky",
    PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers",
    ADDRESS = "San Mateo, CA",
    PAGES = "380-387"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{giles91p,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and D. Chen and C.B. Miller and H.H. Chen and
              G.Z. Sun and Y.C. Lee",
    TITLE = "Second-Order Recurrent Neural Networks for Grammatical
             Inference",
    BOOKTITLE = "1991 IEEE INNS International Joint Conference on 
                 Neural Networks - Seattle",
    YEAR = "1991",
    PUBLISHER = "IEEE Press",
    ADDRESS = "Piscataway, NJ",
    VOLUME = "II",
    PAGES = "273-281"}

@ARTICLE{giles92j,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and C.B. Miller and D. Chen and H.H. Chen and
              G.Z. Sun and Y.C. Lee",
    TITLE = "Learning and Extracting Finite State Automata with
             Second-Order Recurrent Neural Networks",
    JOURNAL = "Neural Computation",
    YEAR = "1992",
    VOLUME = "4",
    NUMBER = "3",
    PAGES = "393--405"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{giles92p,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and C.B. Miller and D. Chen and
              G.Z. Sun and H.H. Chen and Y.C. Lee",
    TITLE = "Extracting and Learning an Unknown Grammar with Recurrent
             Neural Networks",
    BOOKTITLE = "Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 4",
    YEAR = "1992",
    EDITOR = "J.E. Moody and S.J. Hanson and R.P Lippmann",
    PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers",
    ADDRESS = "San Mateo, CA",
    PAGES = "317-324"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{giles92p2,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and C.W. Omlin",
    TITLE = "Inserting Rules into Recurrent Neural Networks",
    BOOKTITLE = "Neural Networks for Signal Processing II, Proceedings of 
		The 1992 IEEE Workshop",
    YEAR = "1992",
    EDITOR = "S.Y. Kung and F. Fallside and J. Aa. Sorenson and C.A. Kamm",
    PUBLISHER = "IEEE Press",
    ADDRESS = "Piscataway, NJ",
    PAGES = "13-22"}

@ARTICLE{giles93j,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and C.W. Omlin",
    TITLE = "Extraction, Insertion and Refinement of Symbolic Rules
             in Dynamically-Driven Recurrent Neural Networks",
    JOURNAL = "Connection Science",
    YEAR = "1993",
    VOLUME = "5",
    NUMBER = "3,4",
    PAGES = "307-337",
    NOTE = "Special Issue on Architectures for Integrating 
            Symbolic and Neural Processes"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{giles94p,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and B.G. Horne",
    TITLE = "Representation and Learning in Recurrent Neural Network Architectures,",
    BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Eighth Yale Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems",
    YEAR = "1994",
    EDITOR = "K.S. Narendra",
    PAGE = "128",
    ADDRESS = "Center for Systems Science, Dunham Laboratory, Yale University
               New Haven, CN"}

@ARTICLE{giles94j-si,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and G.M. Kuhn and R.J. Williams",
    TITLE ="Dynamic Recurrent Neural Networks: Theory and 
           Applications",
    JOURNAL = "IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks",
    VOLUME = "5",
    NUMBER = "2",
    PAGES = "153-156",
    YEAR = "1994"}

@ARTICLE{giles94j.si,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and G.M. Kuhn and R.J. Williams",
    TITLE ="Dynamic Recurrent Neural Networks: Theory and 
           Applications",
    JOURNAL = "IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks",
    VOLUME = "5",
    NUMBER = "2",
    YEAR = "1994",
    NOTE = "Special Issue"}

@ARTICLE{giles94j1,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and C.W. Omlin",
    TITLE = "Pruning Recurrent Neural Networks for Improved Generalization Performance",
    JOURNAL =" IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks",
    YEAR = "1994",
    PAGES = "848-851"
    VOLUME = "5",
    NUMBER = "5"}

@TECHREPORT{giles94tr,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and B.G. Horne and T. Lin",
    TITLE = "Learning a Class of Large Finite State Machines with
             a Recurrent Neural Network",
    YEAR = "1994",
    INSTITUTION = "Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland",
    NUMBER = "UMIACS-TR-94-94 and CS-TR-3328",
    ADDRESS = "College Park, Maryland"}

@ARTICLE{giles95j,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and D. Chen and G.Z. Sun and H.H. Chen and Y.C. Lee and M.W. Goudreau",
    TITLE = "Constructive Learning of Recurrent Neural Networks: Limitations of Recurrent
             Casade Correlation and a Simple Solution",
    JOURNAL =" IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks",
    VOLUME = "6",
    NUMBER = "4",
    PAGES = "829--836",
    YEAR = "1995"}

@ARTICLE{giles95j1,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and M.W. Goudreau",
    TITLE = "Routing in Optical Multistage Interconnections Networks: A Neural
             Network Solution",
    JOURNAL =" IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology",
    YEAR = "1995",
    VOLUME = "13",
    NUMBER = "6",
    PAGES = "1111--1115",
    NOTE = "Special Issue on Optical Interconnections for Information Processing,
            Editors: J.N. Lee, A. Husain"}

@ARTICLE{giles95j2,
    AUTHOR = "C.L. Giles and B.G. Horne and T. Lin",
    TITLE = "Learning a Class of Large Finite State Machines with
             a Recurrent Neural Network",
    JOURNAL ="Neural Networks",
    YEAR = "1995",
    VOLUME = "8",
    NUMBER = "9",
    PAGES = "1359--1365"}

@InProceedings{  giles97AAAI,
  author        = "C. Lee Giles and Steve Lawrence",
  title         = "Presenting and Analyzing the Results of {AI} Experiments: Data Averaging and Data Snooping",
  booktitle     = "Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-97",
  publisher     = "AAAI Press",
  address       = "Menlo Park, California",
  pages         = "362--367",
  year          = "1997"
}

@InProceedings{ giles97rule,
  author        = "C. Lee Giles and Steve Lawrence and A.C. Tsoi",
  title         = "Rule Inference for Financial Prediction using Recurrent Neural Networks",
  booktitle     = "Proceedings of IEEE/IAFE Conference on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering (CIFEr)",
  pages         = "253--259",
  publisher     = "IEEE",
  address       = "Piscataway, NJ",
  year          = "1997"
}

@InProceedings{ giles98citeseer,
  author        = "C. Lee Giles and Kurt Bollacker and Steve Lawrence",
  title         = "{CiteSeer}: An Automatic Citation Indexing System",
  booktitle     = "Digital Libraries 98 - The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries",
  editor        = "Ian Witten and Rob Akscyn and Frank M. Shipman III",
  publisher     = "ACM",
  pages         = "89--98",
  address       = "Pittsburgh, PA",
  month         = "June 23--26",
  isbn          = "0897919653",
  year          = "1998",
  note		= "One of 8 papers short listed for Best Paper Award"
}

@Article{       giles98access,
  author        = "C. Lee Giles and Steve Lawrence and Bob Krovetz",
  title         = "Access to Information on the {Web}",
  journal       = "Science",
  type          = "Letter",
  volume        = "280",
  number        = "5371",
  pages         = "1815",
  year          = "1998"
}

@INCOLLECTION{giles98b,
    BOOKTITLE = "Adaptive Processing of Sequences and Data Structures: Lecture
                 Notes in Artificial Intelligence",
    EDITOR = "C.L. Giles and M. Gori",
    YEAR = "1998",
    ADDRESS = "New York, NY",
    PUBLISHER = "Springer Verlag"}

@ARTICLE{goudreau92j,
    AUTHOR = "M.W. Goudreau and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Routing in Random Multistage Interconnection Networks:
             Comparing Exhaustive Search, Greedy and Neural Network
             Approaches",
    JOURNAL = "International Journal of Neural Systems",
    YEAR = "1992",
    VOLUME = "3",
    NUMBER = "2",
    PAGES = "125--142"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{goudreau93p,
    AUTHOR = "M.W. Goudreau and C.L. Giles and S.T. Chakradhar and D.
              Chen",
    TITLE = "On Recurrent Neural Networks and Representing Finite State
             Recognizers",
    BOOKTITLE = "Third International Conference on Artificial
                 Neural Networks",
    YEAR = "1993",
    ORGANIZATION = "The Institution of Electrical Engineers",
    ADDRESS = "London, UK",
    PAGES = "51--55"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{goudreau93p1,
    AUTHOR = "M.W. Goudreau and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Discovering the Structure of a Self-Routing
             Interconnection Network with a Recurrent Neural Network",
    BOOKTITLE = "International Workshop on Applications of Neural
                 Networks to Telecommunications",
    YEAR = "1993",
    EDITOR = "J. Alspector and R. Goodman and T.X. Brown",
    PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum",
    ADDRESS = "Hillsdate, NJ",
    PAGES = "52-59"}

@INCOLLECTION{goudreau94c,
    AUTHOR = "M.W. Goudreau and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Routing in Random Multistage Interconnection Networks",
    BOOKTITLE = "Neural Networks for Telecommunications",
    YEAR = "1994",
    PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
    ADDRESS = "Boston, MA",    
    EDITOR = "Ben Yuhas and Nirwan Ansari",
    PAGES = "37--61"}

@ARTICLE{goudreau94j,
    AUTHOR = "M.W. Goudreau and C.L. Giles and S.T. Chakradhar and D.
              Chen",
    TITLE = "First-Order Vs. Second-Order Single Layer Recurrent Neural
             Networks",
    JOURNAL = "IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks",
    VOLUME = "5",
    NUMBER = "3",
    PAGES = "511--513",
    YEAR = "1994"}

@ARTICLE{goudreau95j,
    AUTHOR = "M.W. Goudreau and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Using Recurrent Neural Networks to Learn the Structure of
             Interconnection Networks",
    JOURNAL = "Neural Networks",
    YEAR = "1995",
    NOTE = "In press"}

@inproceedings{Horne95p,
    author={B.G.~Horne and C.L.~Giles},
    title={An experimental comparison of recurrent neural networks},
    booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7},
    editor={G.~Tesauro and D.~Touretzky and T.~Leen},
    publisher={MIT Press},
    pages={697--704},
    year={1995}}

@TECHREPORT{jim94t,
    AUTHOR = "Kam Jim and C.L. Giles and B.G. Horne",
    TITLE = "Synaptic Noise in Dynamically-driven
             Recurrent Neural Networks: Convergence and Generalization",
    INSTITUTION = "Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland",
    YEAR = "1994",
    NUMBER = "UMIACS-TR-94-89 and CS-TR-3322",
    ADDRESS = College Park, MD",
    YEAR = "1994"}

@inproceedings{Jim95p,
    author={K.~Jim and B.G.~Horne and C.L.~Giles},
    title={Effects of noise on convergence and generalization
        in recurrent networks},
    booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7},
    editor={G.~Tesauro and D.~Touretzky and T.~Leen},
    publisher={MIT Press},
    pages={649--656},
    year={1995}
}
@journal{jim96IEEETNN,
    AUTHOR = "Kam Jim and C.L. Giles and B.G. Horne",
    TITLE = "Synaptic Noise in Dynamically-driven
             Recurrent Neural Networks: Convergence and Generalization",
    JOURNAL = "IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks",
    YEAR = "1996",
    VOLUME = "7",
    NUMBER = "6",
    NOTE = "1424-1438"}

@InProceedings{  kuvayev97AAAI,
  author        = "L. Kuvayev and C.L. Giles and H. Cejtin and J. Philbin", 
  title         = "Intelligent Methods for File System Optimization,",
  booktitle     = "Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-97",
  publisher     = "AAAI Press",
  address       = "Menlo Park, California",
  pages         = "528",
  year          = "1997"
}

@TechReport{      lawrence95applicabilityb,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles and Sandiway Fong",
  title         = "On the Applicability of Neural Network and Machine Learning Methodologies to Natural Language Processing",
  year          = "1995",
  number        = "UMIACS-TR-95-64 and CS-TR-3479",
  institution   = "Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742"}

@InCollection{    lawrence96convolutional,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles and A.C. Tsoi",
  title         = "Convolutional Neural Networks for Face Recognition",
  booktitle     = "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition",
  pages         = "217--222",
  year          = "1996",
  publisher     = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
  address       = "Washington, DC"}

@InCollection{    lawrence96correctness,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and A.C. Tsoi and C. Lee Giles",
  title         = "Correctness, Efficiency, Maintainability and Extendability in Neural Network Simulation",
  booktitle     = "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks",
  address       = "Piscataway, NJ",
  pages         = "474--479",
  year          = "1996",
  publisher     = "IEEE Press"}

@InCollection{    lawrence96can,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles and Sandiway Fong",
  title         = "Can Recurrent Neural Networks Learn Natural Language Grammars?",
  booktitle     = "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks", 
  address       = "Piscataway, NJ",
  pages         = "1853--1858",
  year          = "1996",
  publisher     = "IEEE Press"}

@InCollection{    lawrence96local,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and A.C. Tsoi and C. Lee Giles",
  title         = "Local Minima and Generalization",
  booktitle     = "Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks",
  address       = "Piscataway, NJ",
  pages         = "371--376",
  year          = "1996",
  publisher     = "IEEE Press"}

@TechReport{      lawrence96what,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles and A.C. Tsoi",
  title         = "What Size Neural Network Gives Optimal Generalization? {C}onvergence Properties of Backpropagation",
  month         = "April",
  year          = "1996",
  number        = "UMIACS-TR-96-22 and CS-TR-3617",
  institution   = "Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742"}

@InCollection{lawrence96NLP,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and Sandiway Fong and C. Lee Giles",
  title         = "Natural Language Grammatical Inference: A Comparison of Recurrent Neural Networks and Machine Learning Methods",
  booktitle     = "Symbolic, Connectionist, and Statistical Approaches to Learning for Natural Language Processing",
  editor        = "Stefan Wermter and Ellen Riloff and Gabriele Scheler",
  series        = "Lecture notes in AI",
  pages         = "33--47",
  year          = "1996",
  address       = "Berlin",
  publisher     = "Springer-Verlag"}

@Article{lawrence97j,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles and A.C. Tsoi and A.D. Back",
  title         = "Face Recognition: A Convolutional Neural Network Approach",
  journal       = "IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks",
  year          = "1997",
  volume	= "8",
  pages		= "98",
  number	= "1",}

@Article{       lawrence97distribution,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and A.D. Back and A.C. Tsoi and C. Lee Giles",
  title         = "On the Distribution of Performance from Multiple Neural Network Trials",
  journal       = "IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks",
  volume        = "8",
  number        = "6",
  pages         = "1507--1517"
}                                                           

@InProceedings{ lawrence97faceb,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and P. Yianilos and I. Cox",
  title         = "Face Recognition Using Mixture-Distance and Raw Images",
  booktitle     = "1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics",
  publisher     = "IEEE Press",
  address       = "Piscataway, NJ",
  pages         = "2016--2021",
  year          = "1997"
}

@InCollection{  lawrence97gamma,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and Andrew Back and A.C. Tsoi and C. Lee Giles",
  email         = "lawrence@research.nj.nec.com",
  title         = "The Gamma {MLP} -- Using Multiple Temporal Resolutions for Improved Classification",
  booktitle     = "Neural Networks for Signal Processing VII -- Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Workshop",
  publisher     = "IEEE Press",
  address       = "Piscataway, NJ",
  pages         = "256--265",
  year          = "1997"
}

@InProceedings{  lawrence97AAAI,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles", 
  title         = "Intelligent Methods for File System Optimization,",
  booktitle     = "Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI-97",
  publisher     = "AAAI Press",
  address       = "Menlo Park, California",
  pages         = "528",
  year          = "1997"
}


@InProceedings{ lawrence98inquirus,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles",
  title         = "Inquirus, The {NECI} Meta Search Engine",
  booktitle     = "Seventh International World Wide Web Conference",
  publisher     = "Elsevier Science",
  pages         = "95--105",
  address       = "Brisbane, Australia",
  year          = "1998"
}

@InCollection{  lawrence98symbolic,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles and A.C. Tsoi",
  title         = "Symbolic Conversion, Grammatical Inference and Rule Extraction for Foreign Exchange Rate Prediction",
  editor        = "A.S. Weigend Y. Abu-Mostafa and A.-P.N. Refenes",
  booktitle     = "Decision Technologies for Financial Engineering: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Neural Networks in the Capital Markets",
  publisher     = "World Scientific",
  address       = "Singapore",
  isbn          = "9810231237",
  pages         = "333--345",
  year          = "1998"
}

@Article{       lawrence98searching,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles",
  title         = "Searching the {World Wide Web}",
  journal       = "Science",
  volume        = "280",
  number        = "5360",
  pages         = "98",
  year          = "1998"
}

@Article{       lawrence98context,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles",
  title         = "Context and Page Analysis for Improved {Web} Search",
  journal       = "IEEE Internet Computing",
  pages		= "38",
  volume        = "2",
  number        = "4",
  year          = "1998"
}

@Article{       lawrence98searchingb,
  author        = "Steve Lawrence and C. Lee Giles",
  title         = "Searching the {Web}",
  journal       = "Science",
  type          = "Letter",
  volume        = "281",
  number        = "5374",
  pages         = "175",
  year          = "1998"
}

@ARTICLE{lee86j,
    AUTHOR = "Y.C. Lee and G. Doolen and H.H. Chen and G.Z. Sun and
              T. Maxwell and H.Y. Lee and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Machine Learning Using a Higher Order Correlational
             Network",
    JOURNAL = "Physica D",
    YEAR = "1986",
    VOLUME = "22-D",
    NUMBER = "1-3",
    PAGES = "276-306"}

@inproceedings{Leerink95p,
    author={L.R.~Leerink and C.L.~Giles and B.G.~Horne and M.A.~Jabri},
    title={Learning with product units},
    booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7},
    editor={G.~Tesauro and D.~Touretzky and T.~Leen},
    publisher={MIT Press},
    papges={537--544},
    year={1995}}

@TECHREPORT{lin95tr,
    AUTHOR = "T. Lin and B.G. Horne and P. Tino and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Learning long-term dependencies is not as difficult with NARX recurrent
             neural networks",
    YEAR = "1995",
    INSTITUTION = "Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland",
    NUMBER = "UMIACS-TR-95-78 and CS-TR-3500",
    ADDRESS = "College Park, Maryland"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{lin95p1,
    AUTHOR = "T. Lin and B.G. Horne and P. Tino and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Long-term dependencies in NARX networks",
    BOOKTITLE = "World Congress  on Neural Networks, July 1995",
    YEAR = "1995",
    VOLUME = "3",
    PAGES = "142--146"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{lin95p2,
    AUTHOR = "T. Lin and B.G. Horne and P. Tino and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Learning long-term dependencies is not as difficult with NARX recurrent
             neural networks",
    BOOKTITLE ="Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems~8",
    EDITOR = "D.S. Touretzky and M.C. Mozer and M.E. Hasselmo",
    PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
    YEAR = "1996",
    PAGES = "577"} 

@ARTICLE{lin96j,
    AUTHOR = "T. Lin and B.G. Horne and P. Tino and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Learning long-term dependencies in NARX recurrent
             neural networks",
    JOURNAL ="IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks",
    YEAR = "1996",
    VOLUME = "7",
    NUMBER = "6",
    PAGES = "1424-1438",
    NOTE = "Nominated for best paper award, 1996"} 

@TECHREPORT{lin96tr,
    AUTHOR = "T. Lin and B.G. Horne and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "How Embedded Memory in Recurrent Neural Network
             Architectures Helps Learning Long-term Temporal Dependencies",
    INSTITUTION = "Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland",
    NUMBER = "UMIACS-TR-96-28 and CS-TR-3626",
    ADDRESS = College Park, MD",
    YEAR = "1996"}

@TECHREPORT{lin96tr2,
    AUTHOR = "Tsungnan Lin and B.G. Horne and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "How Memory Orders Effect the Performance of NARX Networks",
    YEAR = "1996",
    INSTITUTION = "Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland",
    NUMBER = "UMIACS-TR-96-76 and CS-TR-3706",
    ADDRESS = "College Park, Maryland"}   

@ARTICLE{lin98j,
    AUTHOR = "T. Lin and B.G. Horne and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = " How Embedded Memory in Recurrent Neural Network Architectures Helps Learning
    Long-term Temporal Dependencies",
    JOURNAL ="Neural Networks",
    YEAR = "1998",
    VOLUME = "11",
    NUMBER = "5",
    PAGES = "861--868"}

@ARTICLE{miller93j,
    AUTHOR = "C.B. Miller and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Experimental Comparison of the Effect of Order in Recurrent Neural
             Networks",
    JOURNAL = "International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artifical Intelligence",
    YEAR = "1993",
    VOLUME = "7", 
    NUMBER = "4",
    NOTE = "Special Issue on Neural Networks and Pattern Recognition, 
            editors: I. Guyon , P.S.P. Wang",
    PAGES = "849-872"}

@TECHREPORT{omlin92t,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and  C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Extraction of Rules from Discrete-Time Recurrent Neural Networks",
    INSTITUTION = "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute",
    NUMBER = "TR 92-23",
    MONTH = "August",
    ADDRESS = "Computer Science, Troy, N.Y.",
    YEAR = "1992"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{omlin92p,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Training Second-Order Recurrent Neural Networks Using
             Hints",
    BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning",
    YEAR = "1992",
    EDITOR = "D. Sleeman and P. Edwards",
    PAGES = "363-368",
    PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers",
    ADDRESS = "San Mateo, CA"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{omlin92p2,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and C.L. Giles and C.B. Miller",
    TITLE = "Heuristics for the Extraction of Rules from
             Discrete-Time Recurrent Neural Networks",
    BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings International Joint Conference
                 on Neural Networks 1992",
    YEAR = "1992",
    VOLUME = "I",
    PAGES = "33-38",
    MONTH = "June"}

@INCOLLECTION{omlin94b,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Extraction and Insertion of Symbolic Information in Recurrent Neural Networks",
    BOOKTITLE = "Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks: Steps Toward
                 Principled Integration, Volume 1: Basic Paradigms; Learning Representational
                 Issues; and Integrated Architectures",
    EDITOR = "V. Honavar and L. Uhr",
    YEAR = "1994",
    PUBLISHER = "Academic Press",
    ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{omlin94p1,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Constructing deterministic finite-state automata in
             sparse recurrent neural networks",
    BOOKTITLE = "IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN'94)",
    PUBLISHER = "IEEE Press",
    ADDRESS = "Piscataway, NJ",
    PAGES = "1732-1737",
    YEAR = "1994"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{omlin94p2,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and C.L. Giles and B.G. Horne and L.R. Leerink and T. Lin",
    TITLE = "Training recurrent neural networks with temporal input encodings",
    BOOKTITLE = "IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN'94)",
    PUBLISHER = "IEEE Press",
    ADDRESS = "Piscataway, NJ",
    PAGES "1267-1278",
    YEAR = "1994"}

@TECHREPORT{omlin96tr,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and K.K. Thornber and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Fuzzy Finite-state Automata Can Be
     Deterministically Encoded into Recurrent Neural Networks",
    INSTITUTION = "University of Maryland",
    NUMBER = "UMIACS-TR-96-12 and CS-TR-3599",
    ADDRESS = "College Park, MD 20742",
    YEAR = "1996"}

@ARTICLE{omlin96j,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Rule Revision with Recurrent Neural Networks",
    JOURNAL = "IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering",
    YEAR = "1996",
    VOLUME = "8",
    PAGES = "183",
    NUMBER = "1"}

@ARTICLE{omlin96j2,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Stable Encoding of Large Finite-State Automata in
             Recurrent Neural Networks with Sigmoid Discriminants",
    JOURNAL = "Neural Computation",
    YEAR = "1996",
    VOLUME = "8",
    PAGES = "41--52",
    NUMBER = "4"}

@ARTICLE{omlin96j1,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Extraction of Rules from Discrete-Time Recurrent Neural Networks",
    JOURNAL = "Neural Networks",
    VOLUME = "9",
    NUMBER = "1",
    PAGES = "41--52",
    YEAR = "1996"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{omlin96p,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and K.K. Thornber and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Representation of Fuzzy Finite-state Automata in
             Continuous Recurrent Neural Networks",
    BOOKTITLE = "IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN'96)",
    PUBLISHER = "IEEE Press",
    ADDRESS = "Piscataway, NJ",
    PAGES = "1023",
    YEAR = "1996"}

@ARTICLE{omlin96j3,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Constructing Deterministic Finite-State Automata
            in Recurrent Neural Networks",
    JOURNAL = "Journal of the ACM",
    VOLUME = "43",
    NUMBER = "6",
    PAGES = "937--972",
    YEAR = "1996"}

@ARTICLE{omlin98j,
    AUTHOR = "C.W. Omlin and K.K. Thornber and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Fuzzy Finite-state Automata Can Be
     Deterministically Encoded into Recurrent Neural Networks",
    JOURNAL ="IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems",
    VOLUME = "6",
    PAGES = "76",
    NUMBER = "1",
    YEAR = "1998"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{sakr95p,
    AUTHOR = "M.F. Sakr and S.P. Levitan and C.L. Giles and D.M. Chiarulli and B.G. Horne and 
              M. Maggini",
    TITLE = "Predictive Control of Opto-Electronic Reconfigurable Interconnection Networks Using Neural Networks
    BOOKTITLE = "2nd International Conference on Massively Parallel Processing Using Optical Interconnections",
    PUBLISHER = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
    EDITOR = "E. Schenfeld",
    PAGES= "326-335",
    YEAR = "1995"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{sakr96p,
    AUTHOR = "M.F. Sakr and C.L. Giles and S.P. Levitan and B.G. Horne and 
              M. Maggini and D.M. Chiarulli",
    TITLE = "On-Line Prediction of Multiprocessor Memory Access Patterns",
    BOOKTITLE = "IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN'96)",
    PUBLISHER = "IEEE Press",
    ADDRESS = "Piscataway, NJ",
    PAGES = "1564",
    YEAR = "1996",
    NOTE = "Best Paper Award"}

@TECHREPORT{sakr96tr,
    AUTHOR = "M.F. Sakr S.P. Levitan and 
              D.M. Chiarulli and B.G. Horne and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Performance of On-Line Learning Methods in Predicting 
             Multiprocessor Memory Access Patterns",
    INSTITUTION = "Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland",
    NUMBER = "UMIACS-TR-96-59 and CS-TR-3676",
    ADDRESS = "College Park, MD 20742",
    YEAR = "1996"}

@INCOLLECTION{siegelmann92p1,
    AUTHOR = "H.T. Siegelmann and E.D. Sontag and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "The Complexity of Language Recognition by Neural Networks",
    BOOKTITLE = "Algorithms, Software, Architecture - Information Processing 92, Vol 1",
    EDITOR = "J. van Leeuwen",
    YEAR = "1992",
    PAGES = "329-335",
    PUBLISHER = "Elsevier Science",
    ADDRESS = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}

@TECHREPORT{siegelmann95tr,
    AUTHOR = "H.T. Siegelmann and B.G. Horne and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Computational Capabilities of Recurrent NARX Neural Networks",
    INSTITUTION = "Institute for Advanced Computer
                   Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD",
    NUMBER = "UMIACS-TR-95-12",
    YEAR = "1995"}

@ARTICLE{siegelmann97IEEETSMC,
    AUTHOR = "H.T. Siegelmann and B.G. Horne and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Computational capabilities of recurrent NARX neural networks",
    JOURNAL = "IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics -- Part B",
    YEAR = "1997",
    VOLUME = "27",
    NUMBER = "2",
    PAGES = "208"}

@ARTICLE{siegelmann97N,
    AUTHOR = "H. Siegelmann and C.L.Giles",
    TITLE = "The Complexity of Language Recognition by Neural Networks",
    JOURNAL = "Neurocomputing"
    NOTE = "Special Issue on Recurrent Networks for Sequence
     Processing, Eds: M. Gori, M. Mozer, A.H. Tsoi, W. Watrous",
    VOLUME = "15",
    PAGES = "327",
    YEAR = "1997"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{sun90p1,
    AUTHOR = "G.Z. Sun and H.H. Chen and C.L. Giles and Y.C. Lee and D.
              Chen",
    TITLE = "Connectionist Pushdown Automata that Learn Context-Free
             Grammars",
    BOOKTITLE = "International Joint Conference on
                 Neural Networks, Jan. 1990",
    YEAR = "1990",
    EDITOR = "M. Caudill",
    PUBLISHER = "Lawerence Erlbaum",
    ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, N.J.",
    VOLUME = "I",
    PAGES = "577-580"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{sun90p2,
    AUTHOR = "G.Z. Sun and H.H. Chen and C.L. Giles and Y.C. Lee and D.
              Chen",
    TITLE = "Neural Networks with External Memory Stack that Learn
             Context-Free Grammars from Examples",
    BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Conference on Information Science and 
		Systems",
    ADDRESS = "Princeton, NJ",
    YEAR = "1990",
    VOLUME = "II",
    PAGES = "649"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{sun90p3,
    AUTHOR = "G.Z. Sun and H.H. Chen and Y.C. Lee and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Recurrent Neural Networks, Hidden Markov Models and Stochastic Grammars",
    BOOKTITLE = "International Joint Conference on
                 Neural Networks, San Diego, 1990",
    YEAR = "1990",
    PUBLISHER = "IEEE Press",
    ADDRESS = "Piscataway, N.J.",
    VOLUME = "I",
    PAGES = "729-734"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{sun91p,
    AUTHOR = "G.Z. Sun and H.H. Chen and Y.C. Lee and C.L. Giles",
    TITLE = "Turing Equivalence of Neural Networks with Second Order
             Connection Weights",
    BOOKTITLE = "1991 IEEE INNS International Joint Conference on
                 Neural Networks - Seattle",
    YEAR = "1991",
    PUBLISHER = "IEEE Press",
    ADDRESS = "Piscataway, NJ",
    VOLUME = "II",
    PAGES = "357--362"}

@TECHREPORT{sun93tr,
    AUTHOR = "G.Z. Sun and C.L. Giles and H.H. Chen and Y.C. Lee",
    TITLE = "The Neural Network Pushdown Automaton: Model, Stack and Learning
             Simulations",
    INSTITUTION = "Institute for Advanced Computer
                   Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD",
    NUMBER = "UMIACS-TR-93-77",
    YEAR = "1993"}

@INCOLLECTION{sun98c,
    AUTHOR = "G.Z.Sun and C.L. Giles and H.H. Chen and Y.C. Lee",
    TITLE = "The Neural Network Pushdown Automata: Architecture, Dynamics
             and Training",
    BOOKTITLE = "Adaptive Processing of Sequences and Data Structures: Lecture
                 Notes in Artificial Intelligence",    
    EDITOR = "C.L. Giles and M. Gori",
    PUBLISHER = "Springer Verlag",
    PAGES = "296--345",
    YEAR = "1998",
    ADDRESS = "New York, NY"}

@techreport{Tino95tr2,
    author={P.~Tino and B.G.~Horne and C.L.Giles},
    title={Fixed Points in Two--Neuron Discrete Time
    Recurrent Networks: Stability and Bifurcation Considerations},
    institution={Institute for Advance Computer Studies,
             University of Maryland},
    address={College Park, MD 20742},
    number={UMIACS-TR-95-51 and CS-TR-3461},
    year={1995}
}

@INCOLLECTION{tino96b,
    AUTHOR = "P.~Tino and B.G.~Horne and C.L.Giles",
    TITLE = "Finite state machines and recurrent neural networks -- automata
           and dynamical systems approaches",
    BOOKTITLE = "Progress in Neural Networks: 
                 Temporal Dynamics and Time-Varying Pattern Recognition",    
    EDITOR = "J.E. Dayhoff and O. Omidvar",
    PUBLISHER = "Birkhauser",
    YEAR = "1996",
    ADDRESS = "Norwood, NJ"}

@techreport{Tino95tr,
    author={P.~Tino and B.G.~Horne and C.L.Giles},
    title={Finite state machines and recurrent neural networks -- automata
           and dynamical systems approaches},
    institution={Institute for Advance Computer Studies,
             University of Maryland},
    address={College Park, MD 20742},
    number={UMIACS-TR-95-1 and CS-TR-3396},
    year={1995}
}